The instruction we offer students, at any level, presumably reflects what we believe will help them understand physics. Physics instructors do not typically subject their beliefs to scrutiny, working instead from common sense assumptions about what students need clear explanations, demonstrations, motivation and practice. As in physics, however, common sense ideas (e.g. 'objects move because they are pushed') aren't always correct. This talk will present evidence that the usual assumptions are insufficient and offer an expanded set of possibilities.